What is defined as an "impervious surface"?

An "impervious surface" refers specifically to surfaces that do not allow water to infiltrate into the ground. This characteristic is critical in the context of site planning and environmental management, as impervious surfaces include materials such as asphalt, concrete, and rooftops, which can lead to increased runoff and potential flooding, as they prevent natural absorption of rainwater. This lack of absorption can significantly affect local ecosystems and the hydrology of an area, contributing to erosion, water quality degradation, and habitat loss for various species. Understanding the implications of impervious surfaces is essential for effective site design and planning to manage stormwater and protect natural resources.

The other choices do not accurately describe impervious surfaces, as they either refer to surfaces that allow water to infiltrate or are focused on supporting vegetation and wildlife habitats rather than addressing the specific impact on water movement and drainage.