What was a common characteristic of the domus in Roman architecture?

The common characteristic of the domus in Roman architecture is indeed the central courtyard, known as the atrium. This design reflects the social and functional aspects of Roman domestic life. The atrium served as the main living space, allowing natural light and air to penetrate into the interior of the home, creating a welcoming environment for both residents and guests. It was often elaborately decorated and could contain a pool or basin for collecting rainwater, further adding to its utility.

The presence of a central courtyard also served as a private outdoor space where family activities could occur, differentiating the domus from other housing types in Rome that were more communal, such as insulae, which were multi-family tenements. Thus, the central courtyard played a crucial role in defining the domus's architectural identity as a single-family residence focused on privacy and family life.