Which area of study encompasses the arrangement of structures on land?

The correct answer is site planning because it focuses specifically on the layout and arrangement of structures and their relationship to the surrounding environment. This discipline takes into consideration various factors such as zoning laws, land use, access to infrastructure, environmental impact, and community needs. Site planners develop comprehensive plans to optimize the functionality and aesthetic appeal of spaces, ensuring that structures are positioned in a way that supports the intended use and adheres to regulatory requirements.

Other disciplines, while related, address different aspects of land use. Archaeology studies past human activity through excavation and analysis, which is less about contemporary arrangement. Urban design involves the broader context of designing urban spaces, including public realms and infrastructure, but it often relies on the foundational work done in site planning to effectively integrate buildings with their environment. Civil engineering focuses on the technical design and construction of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and utilities, which supports but does not solely encompass site arrangement. Thus, site planning is the most relevant field for the specific question regarding the arrangement of structures on land.