Which key characteristic defines the urban landscape of ancient Babylon?

The urban landscape of ancient Babylon is best defined by large population centers without defensive walls. Babylon, renowned for its grandeur, was primarily focused on its central urban area, which was densely populated and filled with monumental structures, such as temples and the famous Hanging Gardens. This urban expansion often prioritized cultural and economic activities, reflecting the society's emphasis on internal growth rather than isolation or military defense.

The absence of defensive walls is particularly significant because it indicates a level of confidence in the stability and security of the city, relying on its political power and trade relationships rather than fortifications. This openness encouraged trade, cultural exchange, and interaction with surrounding regions, contributing to the development of Babylon as a major center of civilization.

In contrast, extensive agricultural land, complex zoning laws, and strict geometric planning, while relevant in various historical contexts or other cities, do not capture the defining characteristic of Babylon's urban landscape as effectively. The focus in Babylon was less on agricultural production onsite and more on being a vibrant hub; zoning laws weren't as formalized as in later urban planning practices, and the geometric layout was not a predominant feature in the same way as in later civilizations like those of the Greeks or Romans. Thus, the defining aspect of Babylon's urban landscape is indeed its